UST came out in 1999, Stans about 2003 ish. I had split tube ghetto tubeless tires in 2005. Its 2019 meaning last decade started in 2009.
The first mass produced bike with "modern" geometery was in 2011 when the 2012 Kona Honzo came out. I actually own that bike and have owned it since late 2012. There were other bikes(most notably canfield Bro Nimble 9 but the honzo was more extreme, more modern) before it but none as mass produced. If your riding a long reach, short chain stay, long front center, steep seat tube, slack head tube bike with a short stem and wide handle bars the Honzo is the godfather of all of those bike.
My honzo the right to more traditional 2014 29er hardtail on the left
The Honzo Followed by the Sataroi and then the Process lines changed the geometery of basically every bike out there. By 2015 ish 4 years later almost all major manufacturers caught on. We now have 475mm reach size M trail bikes and XC race bike with 69 degree head angles. Not to mention time trial esque 78 degree seat tube angles.
The modern trail bike climbs better due to is long front center and steep seat tube that put the rider forward and resist front end lofting despite slacker head angles than we have ever had before. It plows over stuff better due to a front end less likely to get get hung up and with slack front end the fork absorb square edge hits better. They corner better due to their lower BB, long front end that can be leaned into, and short rear stays that encourage carving.
One thing they are much worse at is seated handling. My Honzo with the seat up is a much worse bike cornering than my Redline Monocog flite or 29er Giant Anthem 29er. With the seat up on the honzo compared to those two bike it simple wants to understeer and you are not able to tip the bike enough, modern trail bike require tipping to turn old school geometery steers better but carves much worse.