Often a too stiff boot will put a skier in the back seat.
It's not the stiffness. It is an incorrect set up for that skier. With the correct boot shaft angle, ski boot internal (zeppa) angle of the slope of the boot board, and the binding delta...heel height vs. toe height...for that skier, they will be balanced and centered with any stiffness boot. They don't have to fight to flex the boot forward to get balanced.
According to ASTM an expert skier should need 17 degrees ROM, intermediate 23, beginner 33.
That paper on the ASTM site was copyrighted in 1989. What boots would you have liked back then to be able to make the movements to ski something like K2 5500s?
the less dorsiflexion we want less net forward lean angle to open the ankle joint and permit full use of the ROM. In some instances this skier may need a stiffer flex to protect the ankle from over flexion and make more efficient use of the range of motion available.
Yep, it's all about the individual. A friend has ankles that almost do not flex. At all. He needs stiff boots to protect him from end of range pain at his very limited range of flexion, heel lifts in boots with room for the lifts, and shims under his heel bindings to get him centered and balanced. That would be horrible for just about anyone else and necessary for him.
Back to ski boot flex numbers---how do the world's skiers and ski shop owners and everyone else inspire the ski makers to institute standardized boot flex testing and labeling? I want a standard flex test is a specified flexing force for a specified distance or angle at a specified temperature. The boot & binding makers agreed on alpine boot sole and binding interface standards (ISO 5533) and release standards (ISO 9462:2014). They can do the same for boot flex. There were big safety and insurance considerations for binding interface and release standards. That isn't the same for flex, but the makers can work together for flex label standards just like they're close to being standard for sizing (and they could be a lot closer there).